The greatest value of our action

My brilliant friend Kwela ran this year’s Creative Company Conference in Haarlem and asked me to write a piece for their website. Here it is:

Stephen Hawking recently gave an interview in which he said that “There is no heaven or afterlife … that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.” He was then asked, in the absence of heaven, how people could best spend their lives. His answer was simple: “We should seek the greatest value of our action”.

In one phrase, Hawking overcomes not just centuries of superstition, but centuries of social expectation, convention and prejudice. He tells us to care less about what others think, and more about what we can achieve. And he tells us to focus on the long-term: not the greatest fame or greatest fashion but the greatest value for our lives. 

But if his mantra is simple, it’s also challenging. How are we to judge value? How long term should we be thinking? And who are we hoping to benefit?

These are difficult questions. But they’re the right ones: they’re the questions that every project — every person — should be asking, and they are, perhaps, a key to a more fulfilling life. We make a thousand conscious or unconscious judgements every day: how much will this cost? How much can I charge? How fun will this be? And for whom? Hawking’s philosophy cuts through this: how can I create the greatest value from the actions that I take?

It’s an acknowledgement, too, of the journey: we are always seeking, never there. I will never write the perfect movie. You may never run the perfect business, or invent the perfect green device. There’s a generosity of spirit, an implicit acknowledgement that we all — often usefully — screw up. But as creative, curious, imaginative people, let’s all seek the greatest value of our actions. And then we’ll have no cause to fear the dark.

“Love is wise, hatred is foolish”

Love one another, and focus on the facts: Bertrand Russell’s message to an imagined future humanity, is a simple but inspiring one. It’s also hard to miss the resemblance, both in philosophy and appearance, to William Hartnell, the first Doctor Who. Via the splendid Open Culture.

It Felt Like A Kiss

Picture 6

As you arrive at the crumbling office block, in the heart of Manchester’s Quayside, the warnings couldn’t be more clear. A grim-faced guide, unsmiling, tells you primly: you’ll need shoes that protect the whole of your feet. Don’t go in if you’re nervous, pregnant, or have a heart condition. There will be strobe lighting and graphic images; and whatever you, don’t stray from the path. If you really feel that you need to get out, follow the red curtain. Somehow, eventually, you will make it back into the world — but you wonder: even if I do get out, will I ever be the same again?

Because this is a deeply unsettling experience. Even for Punchdrunk veterans, accustomed to candlelight, secrecy and carnival masks, this is a disorienting two hours [WARNING: There will be spoilers. If you’re lucky enough to have a ticket, look away right now]. You’re sent up in an elevator, to a sixth floor swathed in darkness, in groups of eight or nine. As your adjust to the gloom you see a gaping, grinning mouth. A nervous giggle goes round the group. This is the way in —

— except it’s not. Or not immediately. There’s a maze of darkened corridors, lit only by the very dimmest glow, erasing any clear sense of direction before, suddenly, you’re in America, the early Fifties, in the first bright afterglow of World War Two. These are complete rooms of the period, peopled with dummies and bright with optimism: there are holiday photographs, rocket-ship wallpaper, the best-sellers of the period. When you look more closely, however — and in these shows every detail tells a story, and not a scrap is out of bounds — a darker, more troubling narrative emerges. In the midst of all this prosperity are CIA memos, oil exploration maps, reports on LSD experiments and blacked-out, censored letters (or, in the sinister new parlance of the expenses scandal, “redacted”). And you start to piece together an over-arching story: what was the price of this bright innocence, of pop music, fashion and the movies? What was the madness behind Mad Men?

This is probably the point at which, even if you hadn’t known it at the door, you’d realise that this is a collaboration between Punchdrunk and documentary-maker Adam Curtis, the man behind The Power of Nightmares and The Trap. For some years now, Curtis has been exploring the nature of the contemporary world. Where does our obsession with personal choice and consumerism come from, and at what cost? And how (and why) has the West, led by America, so consistently promoted, armed and funded leaders whom we then turn into monsters, from Osama Bin Laden to Saddam Hussein?

As the threads begin to come together, the nature of the rooms begins to darken. There’s a completely whitened office, as if bleached by a nuclear blast, and a room from a tropical posting:  the Republic of the Congo, perhaps, where in 1960 the CIA kidnapped and assassinated the first elected leader, Patrice Lumumba. Which brings you to the centre of the evening: a half-hour film by Curtis, screened in what appears to be a disused High School gym (complete with locker room) that knits together Lumumba’s death, Lee Harvey Oswald, Diana Ross, Rock Hudson, AIDS, Saudi Arabia and a dozen other subjects in an exhilarating montage, a smashed-together synthesis of more than a decade’s work. It’s exciting, alarming and contagious, much like the syndromes that Curtis describes, and as it ends you leave the gym head spinning, filled with information (I bet that everyone who sees it remembers that Terence Young, the first director of the Bond films, made a propaganda movie for Saddam Hussein) and a little apprehensive about what will happen next.

And with good reason.

Curtis is obsessed with the notion of choice. The Western world is driven by the idea of free will: who we are, what we buy, what we think and who we sleep with. But at the same time, in his view, we have surrendered a different set of freedoms: we vote less, we’ve given more power to the state, we consume less news and more gossip, and we believe that we have less control than ever, at the same time as celebrating choice. And so, as the show begins to darken, and the rooms you walk through become progressively more bleak and less humane, you find yourself penned into a small group of strangers, driven by white-coated officials into a maze of metal cages, your vision now restricted to just feet in front of you — and then the screaming starts. Because what happens next is frightening. Really frightening. Do you know that you’re not in real danger? Yes. Does that stop you running for your life? Er — no. And as the group is slowly separated, as you’re winnowed down to three — then two — then alone in the darkness, with no light ahead and no sense of direction, there’s a very real sense of dread. Yes, it’s not real. Yes, it is in essence a fiendish, adult haunted house. But as Alfred Hitchcock used to say, “Tell yourself it’s only a movie”. And then he’d scare the pants off you.

Some critics of It Felt Like A Kiss have derided this part of the show: “look, mum, I wasn’t scared”. They’re lying. It’s a brilliant, visceral experience, and I won’t be using a chainsaw in a hurry. But that’s not the real question. The real issue, in any such collaboration, is whether it’s a real partnership: does the theatrical production really dramatise the argument? This is where the show falls down. Punchdrunk’s director Felix Barrett wondered, in a recent interview, if he had gone too far this time. In fact, despite the horror, he hasn’t quite gone far enough. The idea at the heart of Curtis’s work — an idea sometimes lost in the sheer thrill of his technique — is, in essence, bread and circuses: the Roman notion that if you can distract the public with frivolity, they won’t care what’s really going on. Give us enough pop music, enough televisual treats, and we won’t care about the wars, the lies, the exploitation. The final sequence of the show is inspired by the work of B.F.Skinner, a behaviourist psychologist whose work was centred on conditioning: why do we make the choices we make, and how can we be persuaded otherwise? Skinner was horrified by how easily people could be conditioned not to care for those around them. The ending of It Felt Like A Kiss introduces a very real sense of external threat, but that is all it is: external. The right ending would have been to force the group to take decisions that affected one another; that made us question why, and how, we’re so able, so often, to look the other way.

In the end, for all its funhouse dazzle, the show lacks the courage of Curtis’s convictions. By providing the monster in the closet, it lets us ignore the real monster: us. It’s both its prosecutor and its villain. Hitchcock also said that, “people don’t want a slice of life of life; they want a slice of cake”. Superbly crafted, intellectually ambitious and technically accomplished though it is, this cake ducks its real challenge: to slip a razorblade inside.

The Philosopher and the Wolf

philosopherwolfmain

Mark RowlandsThe Philosopher and the Wolf promises “Lessons from the Wild on Love, Death and Happiness”, which was almost enough to make me put the book down before I started: was this going to be some tree-hugging, crystal-sucking sentimental self-help manual?

Fortunately not. Indeed, if it’s consolation you’re after, I suggest that you look away now:

That is how it is with us humans. We think of the time of our lives as a line; and we have a very ambivalent attitude towards that line. The arrows of our desires, and our goals and our projects, bind us to this line, and therein do we find the possibility of our lives having meaning. But the line also points to the death that will take this meaning away. And so we are simultaneously attracted to and disgusted by this line, both drawn to it and terrified by it. It is our fear of the line that makes us always want what is different … For us, no moment is ever complete in itself. Every moment is adulterated, tainted by what we remember has been and what we anticipate will be. In each moment of our lives, the arrow of time holds us green and dying. And that is why we think we are superior to all other animals.

Ouch.  This is White Fang as directed by Ingmar Bergman: the story of Rowlands’ eleven-year life with Brenin, a wolf who lived and travelled with him through Britain, Ireland, France and the US, interspersed with his philosophical analysis of the difference between wolf and man. And it doesn’t make for comfortable reading. While there’s enormous warmth and humour in his loving portrayal of Brenin, his analysis of humans is pitiless. In Rowlands’ eyes, the difference between the wolf and the ape — the original, evolutionary split between larger-brained apes and all other animals — is calculation: the endless, unstoppable force of “what’s in it for me?” This sense of choice, of planning, of ambition leads us to feel superior over every other living thing — indeed, it’s enshrined in many creation myths. But in what ways are we superior? How far does it make us happy? And how has it polluted our relationship with our surroundings? Rowlands cautions us to look again, to think again, and to see our fellow animals through different, more respectful eyes. What have we lost for all our achievements? And at what cost to ourselves? Rowlands argues this particularly powerfully in his analysis of evil:

The malice of apes — and human apes in particular — is to be found in their manufacture of helplessness. In this, human apes engineer the potential of their own evil … Just as true human goodness can manifest itself only in relation to those who have no power, so too is weakness — at least relative weakness — a necessary condition of human evil … Humans are the animals that manufacture weakness. We take wolves and we make them into dogs. We take buffalo and we make them into cows. We take stallions and we make them into geldings. We make things weak so that we may use them.

This is fierce stuff. Humans, as we know, cannot bear too much reality. We prefer reality TV. We like clear morals, goodies and baddies and satisfying happy endings. We like things that make us feel good (“Unlike humans, wolves don’t chase feelings. They chase rabbits.”). But like Bergman’s films, Rowlands’ book isn’t depressing: it’s exhilarating, a cold walk on a winter beach. In its willingness to confront the uncomfortable — a staring match with cold hard truth — this is one of the most exciting books of the year. Just not, perhaps, one for the beach. That cold dark sea might seem just a little bit tempting.

In the end the ape’s schemes will come to nothing: its cleverness will betray you and its simian luck will run out. Then you will find out what is most important in life. And this is not what your schemes and cleverness and luck have brought you; it is what remains when they have deserted you … In the end the ape will always fail you. The most important question you can ask yourself is: when this happens, who is it that will be left behind.